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A physically-based illumination model is a model of light interaction with the surface of a material based on a physical model of the surface. Most basic lighting models, such as the Phong Model, are based on macroscopic properties of materials interacting with light and provide a limited range of 'realistic' rendering effects. Physically-based models adopt a statistical, microscopic model of the surface, that treats the surface as a collection of micro-facets. By considering the interaction of light with these micro-facets, it is possible to yield effects that more closely simulate the appearance of 'real' materials.
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